Supercapacitor
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Description
A supercapacitor or ultracapacitor is an electrical component with the characteristics of an extremely high capacity, of the order of 1000 F, working at a very low voltage, typically about three volts. It can store sufficient energy to provide torque to a large electrical motor for several seconds. A typical use would be as a complement to the rechargeable battery in an electric car or a hybrid car. This would provide instantaneous acceleration without damaging the battery by an over-discharge, particularly valuable with lithium ion batteries. Because of the low voltage, voltage conversion is necessary in both directions. The capacitor itself has an efficiency of practically 100%, but the voltage converters may have an efficiency of typically 95%, so relatively little energy is lost in the process, compared with conventional batteries which often have efficiencies of about 80%.
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